Technology library

Technologies

The architectures moving heat from AI silicon to facility heat rejection—without the marketing fog.

10 records63 source URLs indexedPrimary sources prioritizedUpdated Aug. 8, 2026

Showing 10 records

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Technology01

Direct-to-chip liquid cooling

A liquid loop moves heat from processor-mounted cold plates to a CDU and then to facility heat rejection.

Scaling · Commonly selected for 50–150+ kW AI racks
Technology02

Single-phase immersion cooling

Servers operate submerged in a dielectric liquid that remains in the liquid phase while carrying heat to a heat exchanger.

Scaling · Often deployed from 50–200+ kW per tank
Technology03

Two-phase direct-to-chip cooling

A dielectric working fluid boils at a processor cold plate and condenses elsewhere in a sealed loop.

Emerging · Positioned for 80–250+ kW racks
Technology04

Data-center heat reuse

Recovered server heat is upgraded or transferred for district heating, buildings, industrial processes, or other useful loads.

Scaling · Most attractive at campus scale with a stable nearby heat sink
Technology05

Dry cooling

Air-cooled heat exchangers reject heat without evaporating process water during normal operation.

Established · Facility-level system sized to total rejected load
Technology06

Evaporative cooling

Water evaporation lowers air or process-fluid temperature before heat is rejected from the data center.

Established · Facility-level system; density depends on downstream distribution
Technology07

Hybrid air and liquid cooling

A facility combines liquid capture at high-heat components with air cooling for the rest of the rack.

Scaling · Broadly applicable from 30–150+ kW racks
Technology08

Precision liquid cooling

A sealed chassis-level approach that brings dielectric coolant close to components without filling a shared immersion tank.

Emerging · Edge, telecom, and dense rack deployments
Technology09

Rear-door heat exchangers

A liquid-fed heat exchanger replaces or attaches to the rear rack door and captures heat from server exhaust.

Established · Commonly applied to 30–100+ kW racks
Technology10

Two-phase immersion cooling

Electronic components boil a dielectric fluid inside a sealed tank; vapor condenses and returns to the bath.

Emerging · High-density research and specialized deployments